Neither God nor Nature
could guarantee married couples or unmarried mothers the perfect baby
they hoped for. There was no guarantee that mother or baby would survive
the birth. Nor was there a guarantee that baby would not be born handicapped,
seriously ill, deformed, or dead. If baby turned out to be twins, there
was no question of selecting one and abandoning the other.
Adopters however enjoyed
a considerable advantage over natural selection and prayer. They selected
baby’s sex and hair colouring and were guaranteed doorstep delivery of
the perfect baby they asked for.
Baby arrived with a signed and dated clean bill of health. If adopters
were offered twins they could reject one and take the other. However,
if for any reason the adopters were dissatisfied baby could be returned
and a replacement arranged.
Adopters refused
babies that did not meet their specific requirements.
Adopters who believed
in the ‘bad blood’ theory refused to accept an illegitimate baby in
the belief it would inherit immoral tendencies from its unknown father
and morally inferior unmarried mother.
Twins, even identical
twins, were separated when adopters refused to accept both babies.
Adopters refused
the babies of mothers or fathers in prison, borstal or approved school
on the grounds it would be criminally inclined.
Babies born as
a result of rape, incest or prostitution were virtually unadoptable.
In 1965 The Western
National Adoption Society reported that 27 babies were rejected for
adoption ‘because of the irregular and immoral life of the mother’.
A baby whose mother
had given birth to more than one illegitimate child was rejected by
those who believed in Telegony, on the grounds it was tainted. The bizarre
theory claimed that if a woman mates with more than one man the subsequent
offspring are flawed because the blood of the first male mingled with
the mother’s blood during the first mating.
Babies classed
as backward were impossible to place with adopters, but Mr Kenneth Brill
Children’s Officer for Devon found a solution: ‘In my kind of county a good proportion of the labouring families
are dull and backward. We have villages deep in the southwest where
we put our backward children into School and no one notices'.
In 2000, a Roman
Catholic Nun personally involved in infant adoption since 1959 expressed
her firmly held conviction that: ‘Birth is man’s way – adoption
is God’s'.